Understanding the ecology and spatio-temporal distribution of mosquitoes is essential to the implementation of management programs. Periodic spatial investigations of mosquito species are critical for vector-borne disease monitoring. Bimonthly collections of immature mosquitoes from sixteen habitats in four districts of Tébessa Province (Northeast Algeria) were reared to the fourth instar or adult stage for identification during June 2019 to May 2020. Ten species were identified from 69,974 specimens, belonging to the genera Culex, Culiseta, Aedes, and Anopheles. The most dominant genus was Culex (73.9% of specimens), with the highest species richness [C. pipiens (L.), C. hortensis (Ficalbi), C. theileri (Theobald), C. laticinctus (Edwards), and C. brumpti (Galliard)]. The genus Culiseta composed 25.1% of the specimens [C. annulata (Schrank) and C. longiareolata (Macquart)]. Anopheles (0.1%) was represented by A. labranchiae (Falleroni), and Aedes (0.9%) was represented by A. caspius (Pallas) and A. geniculatus (Olivier). Anopheles labranchiae, A. geniculatus, and C. brumpti were reported for the first time in Tébessa Province. The most abundant species was C. pipiens (57.7%). Temperature was positively correlated with mosquito abundance in Tébessa Province, but rainfall was not. Water temperature, conductivity, total dissolved solids, and dissolved oxygen were associated with larval abundance. Tébessa and Bekkaria Districts had the highest Shannon-Wiener index value (H' = 1.29) and species richness (seven species). The spread of new vectors increases the risks of diseases emergence.