Palaearctic species of the genus Anaphes Haliday, 1833 (Hymenoptera, Mymaridae) are reviewed. Diagnoses and identification keys to the 18 species of the nominate subgenus A. (Anaphes) and 20 native species of the subgenus A. (Patasson) Walker, 1846 are given for separation of females. Diversity of Anaphes in Finland, from where 17 previously described species of Anaphes are newly recorded, is reassessed as all of the published records from the country based on the historical specimens collected by W. Hellén were found to be incorrect due to misidentifications. The following six new species are described from the Palaearctic region: A. (Anaphes) koponeni (Finland), A. (Patasson) baqueroi (Spain), A. (Patasson) klaxon (Far East of Russia), A. (Patasson) nossatap (Greece and Stavropol'skiy Kray, Russia), A. (Patasson) paukkuneni (Finland), and A. (Patasson) varkonyii (Finland). Anaphes wolfsthali (Soyka, 1950) is treated in A. (Patasson) as A. (Patasson) wolfsthali and placed in the newly defined, informal wolfsthali species group within the subgenus along with A. (Patasson) baqueroi, A. (Patasson) klaxon, and an undescribed species from North Carolina, USA.